Democracy Uprising
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      Mass Protests May Fade, But Movements Persist

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      There’s More Than One Way to Strike the…

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      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (in…

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      Mikrokredite: Die Entlassung eines Nobelpreisträgers

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Democracy Uprising

  • About
    • About Mark Engler
    • About Democracy Uprising
  • Books
    • This Is An Uprising
    • How To Rule the World
  • Topics
    • All Book Reviews Environment Essays / First Person Global Economy Immigration Labor Latin America Social Movements Religion U.S. Politics / Elections War / Militarism
      Social Movements

      Can Social Movements Realign America’s Political Parties to…

      Social Movements

      It’s a Myth That Presidents Welcome Movement Pressure…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      The Fed Could Help Cash-Strapped Cities and States….

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      In the Pandemic, Should We Tax the Rich?

      Social Movements

      Mass Protests May Fade, But Movements Persist

      Book Reviews

      The Pan American

      Labor

      There’s More Than One Way to Strike the…

      Social Movements

      In Praise of Impractical Movements

      Book Reviews

      The Pan American

      Book Reviews

      The Godfather of Microcredit

      Book Reviews

      Capitalism as Catastrophe

      Book Reviews

      Four Ways of Looking at an Aztec Eagle

      Book Reviews

      The Ascent of Niall Ferguson

      Book Reviews

      Ordinary Outrages

      Book Reviews

      No Better Place

      Book Reviews

      In God’s Country

      Environment

      Why Wendell Matters

      Environment

      The Gulf at the Gas Station

      Environment

      Climate Disobedience

      Environment

      Farming the Everglades

      Environment

      The Winter of the Climate Denier

      Environment

      Climate of Change: An “Inside-Outside” Strategy Against Global…

      Environment

      Provoking an American Climate Crisis

      Environment

      The Real “Farmer” Story: So God Made High-Fructose…

      Essays / First Person

      Is Rambo Still A Republican?

      Essays / First Person

      On the Price is Right

      Essays / First Person

      The Last Porto Alegre

      Essays / First Person

      Six Essays About War and About Peace

      Essays / First Person

      Republicans Among Us

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      Essays / First Person

      A Week in New York

      Global Economy

      Meet the Bailout’s New Slush Fund for Corporate…

      Global Economy

      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

      Global Economy

      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

      Global Economy

      The Amazon Effect: Sweat, Surveillance, Exploitation

      Global Economy

      The Godfather of Microcredit

      Global Economy

      Capitalism as Catastrophe

      Global Economy

      Immigration Economics: An Interview with Professor Giovanni Peri

      Global Economy

      The World Is Not Flat

      Immigration

      When Undocumented Activists Infiltrated ICE

      Immigration

      The Children of Intervention

      Immigration

      Immigration Economics: An Interview with Professor Giovanni Peri

      Immigration

      Science Fiction From Below

      Immigration

      Four Ways of Looking at an Aztec Eagle

      Immigration

      Treated Like a Criminal

      Immigration

      When Sanctuary is Resistance

      Immigration

      The Massive Immigrants Rights Protests of 2006 Are…

      Labor

      There’s More Than One Way to Strike the…

      Labor

      The Case for a Social Distancing Wage

      Labor

      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

      Labor

      Reviving the General Strike

      Labor

      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

      Labor

      There’s Still Power in a Strike

      Labor

      The Amazon Effect: Sweat, Surveillance, Exploitation

      Labor

      Ai-jen Poo: Organizing a Movement for Care

      Latin America

      The Pan American

      Latin America

      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

      Latin America

      The Children of Intervention

      Latin America

      Against Shithole Nationalism

      Latin America

      The Last Porto Alegre

      Latin America

      Kissinger Is Not Our Friend

      Latin America

      Even If You Have Nothing to Hide

      Latin America

      End Illegal Spying; Don’t Shoot the Whistleblower

      Social Movements

      Can Social Movements Realign America’s Political Parties to…

      Social Movements

      It’s a Myth That Presidents Welcome Movement Pressure…

      Social Movements

      Mass Protests May Fade, But Movements Persist

      Social Movements

      There’s More Than One Way to Strike the…

      Social Movements

      In Praise of Impractical Movements

      Social Movements

      Latest Book: This Is An Uprising!

      Social Movements

      It’s Time We Celebrate Ella Baker Day

      Social Movements

      No More Miss America: A Collective Memory of…

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      In God’s Country

      Religion

      Reverend Billy’s Holiday Shopocalypse

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      Toward the “Rights of the Poor”

      Religion

      The Pope and the Poor

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      Will the Next Pope Embrace Liberation Theology?

      Religion

      Remembering Romero

      Religion

      John Paul II’s Economic Ethics

      Religion

      Against the God of Free Trade

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Can Social Movements Realign America’s Political Parties to…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      It’s a Myth That Presidents Welcome Movement Pressure…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      The Fed Could Help Cash-Strapped Cities and States….

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      In the Pandemic, Should We Tax the Rich?

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Mass Protests May Fade, But Movements Persist

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      There’s More Than One Way to Strike the…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      In Praise of Impractical Movements

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Naming Our Desire: How Do We Talk About…

      War / Militarism

      Does It Make Sense to Protest a President…

      War / Militarism

      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

      War / Militarism

      Is Rambo Still A Republican?

      War / Militarism

      War: The Wrong Jobs Program

      War / Militarism

      The Ascent of Niall Ferguson

      War / Militarism

      Those Who Don’t Count

      War / Militarism

      Six Essays About War and About Peace

      War / Militarism

      The Dangerous Dignity of War

  • Translations
    • All Arabic Deutsch Español Français Italiano Japanese Português Thai Turkish Chinese
      Translations

      Pan Amerikan Eduardo Galeano’nun Dünyası (Turkish)

      Translations

      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

      Japanese

      ガンジーはどのように勝利したのか? (Japanese)

      Français

      La révolution non-violente a-t-elle échoué en Egypte?

      Deutsch

      Als Martin Luther King seine Feuerwaffen aufgab

      Deutsch

      Mikrokredite: Die Entlassung eines Nobelpreisträgers

      Italiano

      La strategia di Gandhi per il successo –…

      Español

      ¿Adoptará el nuevo papa la teología de la…

      Arabic

      Abandoning the World Bank (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      The Return of Daniel Ortega (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Where’s The Jubilee? (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      The Last Porto Alegre (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Seattle At Five (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (in…

      Arabic

      Mexico’s Democratic Transition Still Incomplete (in Arabic)

      Deutsch

      Als Martin Luther King seine Feuerwaffen aufgab

      Deutsch

      Mikrokredite: Die Entlassung eines Nobelpreisträgers

      Deutsch

      CAFTA – am besten stillschweigend beerdigen

      Deutsch

      Bush in Mexiko

      Deutsch

      Das globale Duell in Evian

      Deutsch

      Die Rückkehr des Daniel Ortega

      Español

      ¿Adoptará el nuevo papa la teología de la…

      Español

      Wall Street quiere que les estemos agradecidos

      Español

      Si Las Monjas Se Fueran a una Huelga,…

      Español

      ALEC retrocede; a la derecha le da un…

      Español

      ¿ALEC disgustado ante la pérdida de patrocinadores? Se…

      Español

      La vida en la nación prisión

      Español

      El futuro del movimiento Ocupar: solidaridad y escalada

      Español

      Matando de hambre al Tío Sam

      Français

      La révolution non-violente a-t-elle échoué en Egypte?

      Français

      Le pari risqué du populisme au Pérou

      Français

      Hong Kong Phooey

      Français

      Bush Nuit Même Aux Compagnies U.S.

      Français

      Le dynamisme du mouvement pour la paix

      Français

      La déroute de l’ALCA dans une Miami en…

      Français

      Ceux qui ne comptent pas

      Français

      La guerre en Irak : une expo des…

      Italiano

      La strategia di Gandhi per il successo –…

      Italiano

      Le promesse infrante di Obama

      Italiano

      Guantanamo deve sparire

      Italiano

      IL BANK TRANSFER DAY: UN SUCCESSO

      Italiano

      Come il movimento Occupiamo Wall Street si sta…

      Italiano

      Economia tabù

      Italiano

      L’accesso al mercato è la risposta alla povertà?

      Italiano

      Trionfo sul debito?

      Japanese

      ガンジーはどのように勝利したのか? (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Truth Versus Superpower (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Bush’s Bad Business Empire (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Revenge of the Combat Cartoonist (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Bush’s Uneasy Mexican Visita (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Mark Twain in Iraq (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Globalization’s “Lost Decade” (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Hawks Say the Damnedest Things (Japanese)

      Português

      A vida na Nação Prisão

      Português

      Outro pretexto?

      Português

      Imigração tem efeito positivo sobre emprego e salários

      Português

      O império hipotecado

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      2006: A Global Justice Year in Review (In…

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      WTO: Best Left For Dead? (In Thai)

      Thai

      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (In…

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      Bush’s Bad Business Empire (In Thai)

      Thai

      The Last Porto Alegre [Thai]

      Thai

      Globalizers, Neocons, or… ? (in Thai)

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      Pan Amerikan Eduardo Galeano’nun Dünyası (Turkish)

      Chinese

      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

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Category:

Chinese

  • 泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

    by Mark Engler August 13, 2018
    by Mark Engler August 13, 2018

    爱德华多·加莱亚诺:拉丁美洲被切开的血管流淌出他的愤怒

    撰稿丨马克·恩格勒;翻译丨王立秋

    (Peking Review of Books)


    王立秋,云南弥勒人,北京大学国际关系学院比较政治学博士,现为哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院讲师。

    至少有一次,乌拉圭作家爱德华多·加莱亚诺的书可能救了一条人命。1997年,墨西哥国会议员、反腐败活动家维克托·金塔纳(Víctor Quintana)被人雇凶绑架、惨遭毒打并面临着死亡的危险。根据他的说法,他靠用关于足球的故事转移杀手的注意,捡了一条命。而他给杀手讲的那些古怪而抒情的故事,就出自加莱亚诺最近出版的那部关于足球的历史[1]。在听完贝利和斯基亚菲诺、马拉多诺和贝肯鲍尔的奇遇后,杀手决定放金塔纳一马。其中一个杀手告诉他,“你是个好人”。

    事实证明,在另一个例子中,加莱亚诺的书就不那么吉利了。这一次,人们在一名死去的游击队员的背包中发现了一本破烂不堪的《拉丁美洲被切开的血管》,也就是加莱亚诺写的那本开创性的,关于半球剥削的历史。这名游击队员是在与萨尔瓦多的政府暗杀小组战斗时阵亡的。后来,加莱亚诺回忆说,“那本书破得要命,它被子弹打出了一个洞”。

    关于被绑架的金塔纳和被杀死的萨尔瓦多游击队员的故事,都是加莱亚诺本人在《故事猎人》(Hunter of Stories)里讲的,这本书是作者的最后一部文集,是在2017年,作者去世后才出版的。在2015年被肺癌夺去生命之前的几十年里,加莱亚诺被认为是拉美左翼最显赫的文学人物之一。他是经济理论的重要普及者,也是实验文学小品文的创新者。他帮助推动了拉美自下而上的历史的书写,也是一位神奇的回忆录作家:他会把自己的生平和时代,和超现实主义的拼贴画并置到一起。长期被迫流亡的他,在生命的最后几年里,受到了全世界读者的欢迎。

    与其他拉美文学巨擘相比,加莱亚诺在批评家那里得到的关注要少得多。在某种程度上说,这和他选择的文类——或者说,和他没有选择任何文类这个事实——有关:他偏好议论文和对历史瞬间的捕捉而非小说。尤其是在他后期的作品中,后来,他还把报道、轶事、历史、神话、证言、游记融进一本书。另一个原因,是加莱亚诺把自己的文学抱负和激进政治关联到了一起,而在一些读者,特别是英语世界的批评家看来,这使得他的作品太过于直白、好辩。可如果不理解他的政治,我们就很难理解,加莱亚诺是怎样一个人,抑或,为什么他在艺术上的变化会有如此持久的重要性。加莱亚诺的激进投入使他亲眼见证了过去七十五年来拉美政治的多个重要转折点。甚至在他致力于为这个大陆的各色人群(他们饱受虐待,却仍不屈服)召唤一个共同的认同的时候,他的传记也标记着这个区域的历史。

    爱德华多·休斯·加莱亚诺于1940年出生在乌拉圭蒙德维的亚的一个混血欧洲裔家庭。他成长在从二十世纪四十年代后期到二十世纪六十年代初的那个时期,也即所谓的“发展主义”经济学如日中天的那个时期。在这个时期,拉美各国政府(尤其是阿根廷的胡安·庇隆政府)正在大搞民族主义实验,它们建设地方基础设施,保护国内市场,并用国内制造来替代进口。南锥体是发展主义的中心,阿根廷、乌拉圭和智利聚集了异常庞大的中产阶级,这些国家的精英也开始认为,自己的国家已经和崛起的欧洲各国不相上下。

    有天赋、不安分的加莱亚诺在读了两年中学后便辍学做了记者。十四岁时,他就在给社会主义报纸《太阳报》(El Sol)画政治漫画。二十岁时,他当上了乌拉圭故事周刊《前进》(Marcha)的执行主编。二十世纪六十年代,在继续编辑工作的同时,他也在追求自己的写作。加莱亚诺的一些早期新闻稿收入了1992年出版的文集《我们说不》(We Say No)。在一篇文章中,他叙述了在等待采访贝利时,与这位球星的随从共度的时光,这个写法,比盖伊•塔利斯(Gay Talese)1996年的新新闻主义经典《弗兰克·辛纳屈感冒了》(“Frank Sinatra Has a Cold”)要早了好几年。除经常见报的采访外,加莱亚诺还发表过一篇持怀疑态度的,与庇隆的讨论;一篇充满赞美的切·格瓦拉传略(他在文中说切·格瓦拉是一个“这样一种人的闻所未闻的例子:他放弃了一场自己和几个疯子一起搞成功的革命,转而致力于发动另一场革命”);和一篇令人难忘的,关于中国的末代皇帝的文章,当时,溥仪刚刚在北京郊外一栋平平无奇的建筑中完成他的毛主义再教育。加莱亚诺还与当时正在崛起的智利政客萨尔瓦多·阿连德建立了友谊。

    二十世纪六十年代,种种令人不安的迹象表明,威权主义的国家安全至上国家正在拉美崛起,而自由媒体,将变成它最早的受害者之一。早在1954年,加莱亚诺温和的民族主义发展实验,在胆敢提到农业改革前景的时候,就招致过审查。是年,一场在CIA支持下发动的政变推翻了民选的哈科沃·阿本斯政府。加莱亚诺正确地看到,这个事件在拉美历史上有着决定性的意义,而他最早的著作之一,则把对这个事件的报道、分析和个人的反思结合到一起,这本书就是后来用英语出版的《危地马拉:被占领的国家》(Guatemala: Occupied Country…

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The Author

Mark Engler is a writer based in Philadelphia and an editorial board member at Dissent magazine. His latest book, written with Paul Engler, is entitled This Is an Uprising: How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century (Nation Books). Mark’s full bio is available here.

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