Democracy Uprising
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      The Godfather of Microcredit

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      No Better Place

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      Provoking an American Climate Crisis

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      Meet the Bailout’s New Slush Fund for Corporate…

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      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

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      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

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      The Amazon Effect: Sweat, Surveillance, Exploitation

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      The World Is Not Flat

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      When Undocumented Activists Infiltrated ICE

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      This new model for upholding labor law may…

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      Democrats Won Power in Several States. Will They…

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      The Case for a Social Distancing Wage

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      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

      Labor

      Reviving the General Strike

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      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

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      There’s Still Power in a Strike

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      The Amazon Effect: Sweat, Surveillance, Exploitation

      Latin America

      How movements can maintain their radical vision while winning…

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      The Pan American

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      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

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      Kissinger Is Not Our Friend

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      Even If You Have Nothing to Hide

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      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

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      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

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      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

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      How to make sure your disruptive protest helps…

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      The Pope and the Poor

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      Against the God of Free Trade

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      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

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      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

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      It’s going to take multiple strategies to win…

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      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

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      Harold Washington’s lessons for taking on a political…

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      Think #MeToo didn’t make a real difference? Think…

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      This new model for upholding labor law may…

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      Does It Make Sense to Protest a President…

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      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

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      Is Rambo Still A Republican?

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      War: The Wrong Jobs Program

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      The Ascent of Niall Ferguson

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      Those Who Don’t Count

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      Six Essays About War and About Peace

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      The Dangerous Dignity of War

  • Translations
    • All Thai Chinese Deutsch Español Français Italiano Japanese Português Arabic
      Translations

      Jordlösa kombinerar radikala visioner med praktiska reformer (Swedish)

      Español

      Hacer Que Nuestras Demandas Sean Tanto Orácticas Como…

      Italiano

      C’è più di un modo per colpire il…

      Português

      As reformas não reformistas de André Gorz mostram…

      Español

      Las reformas no reformistas de André Gorz

      Deutsch

      Die nicht-reformistischen Reformen von André Gorz

      Italiano

      Richieste dei movimenti: sia pratiche che visionarie

      Chinese

      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

      Thai

      Progressive Good Tidings of 2007 (in Thai)

      Thai

      2006: A Global Justice Year in Review (In…

      Thai

      WTO: Best Left For Dead? (In Thai)

      Thai

      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (In…

      Thai

      Bush’s Bad Business Empire (In Thai)

      Thai

      The Last Porto Alegre [Thai]

      Thai

      Globalizers, Neocons, or… ? (in Thai)

      Chinese

      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

      Chinese

      Why Wendell Matters (in Chinese)

      Chinese

      Globalization’s Watchdogs (in Chinese)

      Deutsch

      Die nicht-reformistischen Reformen von André Gorz

      Deutsch

      Als Martin Luther King seine Feuerwaffen aufgab

      Deutsch

      Mikrokredite: Die Entlassung eines Nobelpreisträgers

      Deutsch

      CAFTA – am besten stillschweigend beerdigen

      Deutsch

      Bush in Mexiko

      Deutsch

      Das globale Duell in Evian

      Deutsch

      Die Rückkehr des Daniel Ortega

      Español

      Hacer Que Nuestras Demandas Sean Tanto Orácticas Como…

      Español

      Las reformas no reformistas de André Gorz

      Español

      ¿Adoptará el nuevo papa la teología de la…

      Español

      Wall Street quiere que les estemos agradecidos

      Español

      Si Las Monjas Se Fueran a una Huelga,…

      Español

      ALEC retrocede; a la derecha le da un…

      Español

      ¿ALEC disgustado ante la pérdida de patrocinadores? Se…

      Español

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      Français

      La révolution non-violente a-t-elle échoué en Egypte?

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      Le pari risqué du populisme au Pérou

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      Hong Kong Phooey

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      Bush Nuit Même Aux Compagnies U.S.

      Français

      Le dynamisme du mouvement pour la paix

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      La déroute de l’ALCA dans une Miami en…

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      Ceux qui ne comptent pas

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      La guerre en Irak : une expo des…

      Italiano

      C’è più di un modo per colpire il…

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      Richieste dei movimenti: sia pratiche che visionarie

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      La strategia di Gandhi per il successo –…

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      Le promesse infrante di Obama

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      Guantanamo deve sparire

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      IL BANK TRANSFER DAY: UN SUCCESSO

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      Come il movimento Occupiamo Wall Street si sta…

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      Economia tabù

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      ガンジーはどのように勝利したのか? (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Truth Versus Superpower (Japanese)

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      Japanese

      Revenge of the Combat Cartoonist (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Bush’s Uneasy Mexican Visita (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Mark Twain in Iraq (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Globalization’s “Lost Decade” (Japanese)

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      Hawks Say the Damnedest Things (Japanese)

      Português

      As reformas não reformistas de André Gorz mostram…

      Português

      A vida na Nação Prisão

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      Outro pretexto?

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      Imigração tem efeito positivo sobre emprego e salários

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      O império hipotecado

      Arabic

      Abandoning the World Bank (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      The Return of Daniel Ortega (in Arabic)

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      Where’s The Jubilee? (in Arabic)

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      The Last Porto Alegre (in Arabic)

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      Seattle At Five (in Arabic)

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      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (in…

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      Mexico’s Democratic Transition Still Incomplete (in Arabic)

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Democracy Uprising

  • About
    • About Mark Engler
    • About Democracy Uprising
  • Books
    • This Is An Uprising
    • How To Rule the World
  • Topics
    • All Book Reviews Environment Essays / First Person Global Economy Immigration Labor Latin America Social Movements Religion U.S. Politics / Elections War / Militarism
      Social Movements

      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

      Social Movements

      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

      Blog

      It’s going to take multiple strategies to win…

      Social Movements

      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

      2023-2025

      How to make sure your disruptive protest helps…

      Social Movements

      Why protests work, even when not everybody likes…

      Social Movements

      Harold Washington’s lessons for taking on a political…

      Social Movements

      Strategy is a Craft

      Book Reviews

      The Pan American

      Book Reviews

      The Godfather of Microcredit

      Book Reviews

      Capitalism as Catastrophe

      Book Reviews

      Four Ways of Looking at an Aztec Eagle

      Book Reviews

      The Ascent of Niall Ferguson

      Book Reviews

      Ordinary Outrages

      Book Reviews

      No Better Place

      Book Reviews

      In God’s Country

      Environment

      Why Wendell Matters

      Environment

      The Gulf at the Gas Station

      Environment

      Climate Disobedience

      Environment

      Farming the Everglades

      Environment

      The Winter of the Climate Denier

      Environment

      Climate of Change: An “Inside-Outside” Strategy Against Global…

      Environment

      Provoking an American Climate Crisis

      Environment

      The Real “Farmer” Story: So God Made High-Fructose…

      Essays / First Person

      Is Rambo Still A Republican?

      Essays / First Person

      On the Price is Right

      Essays / First Person

      The Last Porto Alegre

      Essays / First Person

      Six Essays About War and About Peace

      Essays / First Person

      Republicans Among Us

      Essays / First Person

      New York Says “No”

      Essays / First Person

      The Sideshow Rebels

      Essays / First Person

      A Week in New York

      Global Economy

      Meet the Bailout’s New Slush Fund for Corporate…

      Global Economy

      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

      Global Economy

      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

      Global Economy

      The Amazon Effect: Sweat, Surveillance, Exploitation

      Global Economy

      The Godfather of Microcredit

      Global Economy

      Capitalism as Catastrophe

      Global Economy

      Immigration Economics: An Interview with Professor Giovanni Peri

      Global Economy

      The World Is Not Flat

      Immigration

      When Undocumented Activists Infiltrated ICE

      Immigration

      The Children of Intervention

      Immigration

      Immigration Economics: An Interview with Professor Giovanni Peri

      Immigration

      Science Fiction From Below

      Immigration

      Four Ways of Looking at an Aztec Eagle

      Immigration

      Treated Like a Criminal

      Immigration

      When Sanctuary is Resistance

      Immigration

      The Massive Immigrants Rights Protests of 2006 Are…

      Labor

      This new model for upholding labor law may…

      Labor

      Democrats Won Power in Several States. Will They…

      Labor

      The Case for a Social Distancing Wage

      Labor

      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

      Labor

      Reviving the General Strike

      Labor

      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

      Labor

      There’s Still Power in a Strike

      Labor

      The Amazon Effect: Sweat, Surveillance, Exploitation

      Latin America

      How movements can maintain their radical vision while winning…

      Latin America

      The Pan American

      Latin America

      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

      Latin America

      The Children of Intervention

      Latin America

      Against Shithole Nationalism

      Latin America

      The Last Porto Alegre

      Latin America

      Kissinger Is Not Our Friend

      Latin America

      Even If You Have Nothing to Hide

      Social Movements

      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

      Social Movements

      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

      Social Movements

      It’s going to take multiple strategies to win…

      Social Movements

      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

      Social Movements

      How to make sure your disruptive protest helps…

      Social Movements

      Why protests work, even when not everybody likes…

      Social Movements

      Harold Washington’s lessons for taking on a political…

      Social Movements

      Strategy is a Craft

      Religion

      In God’s Country

      Religion

      Reverend Billy’s Holiday Shopocalypse

      Religion

      Toward the “Rights of the Poor”

      Religion

      The Pope and the Poor

      Religion

      Will the Next Pope Embrace Liberation Theology?

      Religion

      Remembering Romero

      Religion

      John Paul II’s Economic Ethics

      Religion

      Against the God of Free Trade

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      It’s going to take multiple strategies to win…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Harold Washington’s lessons for taking on a political…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Strategy is a Craft

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Think #MeToo didn’t make a real difference? Think…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      This new model for upholding labor law may…

      War / Militarism

      Does It Make Sense to Protest a President…

      War / Militarism

      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

      War / Militarism

      Is Rambo Still A Republican?

      War / Militarism

      War: The Wrong Jobs Program

      War / Militarism

      The Ascent of Niall Ferguson

      War / Militarism

      Those Who Don’t Count

      War / Militarism

      Six Essays About War and About Peace

      War / Militarism

      The Dangerous Dignity of War

  • Translations
    • All Thai Chinese Deutsch Español Français Italiano Japanese Português Arabic
      Translations

      Jordlösa kombinerar radikala visioner med praktiska reformer (Swedish)

      Español

      Hacer Que Nuestras Demandas Sean Tanto Orácticas Como…

      Italiano

      C’è più di un modo per colpire il…

      Português

      As reformas não reformistas de André Gorz mostram…

      Español

      Las reformas no reformistas de André Gorz

      Deutsch

      Die nicht-reformistischen Reformen von André Gorz

      Italiano

      Richieste dei movimenti: sia pratiche che visionarie

      Chinese

      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

      Thai

      Progressive Good Tidings of 2007 (in Thai)

      Thai

      2006: A Global Justice Year in Review (In…

      Thai

      WTO: Best Left For Dead? (In Thai)

      Thai

      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (In…

      Thai

      Bush’s Bad Business Empire (In Thai)

      Thai

      The Last Porto Alegre [Thai]

      Thai

      Globalizers, Neocons, or… ? (in Thai)

      Chinese

      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

      Chinese

      Why Wendell Matters (in Chinese)

      Chinese

      Globalization’s Watchdogs (in Chinese)

      Deutsch

      Die nicht-reformistischen Reformen von André Gorz

      Deutsch

      Als Martin Luther King seine Feuerwaffen aufgab

      Deutsch

      Mikrokredite: Die Entlassung eines Nobelpreisträgers

      Deutsch

      CAFTA – am besten stillschweigend beerdigen

      Deutsch

      Bush in Mexiko

      Deutsch

      Das globale Duell in Evian

      Deutsch

      Die Rückkehr des Daniel Ortega

      Español

      Hacer Que Nuestras Demandas Sean Tanto Orácticas Como…

      Español

      Las reformas no reformistas de André Gorz

      Español

      ¿Adoptará el nuevo papa la teología de la…

      Español

      Wall Street quiere que les estemos agradecidos

      Español

      Si Las Monjas Se Fueran a una Huelga,…

      Español

      ALEC retrocede; a la derecha le da un…

      Español

      ¿ALEC disgustado ante la pérdida de patrocinadores? Se…

      Español

      La vida en la nación prisión

      Français

      La révolution non-violente a-t-elle échoué en Egypte?

      Français

      Le pari risqué du populisme au Pérou

      Français

      Hong Kong Phooey

      Français

      Bush Nuit Même Aux Compagnies U.S.

      Français

      Le dynamisme du mouvement pour la paix

      Français

      La déroute de l’ALCA dans une Miami en…

      Français

      Ceux qui ne comptent pas

      Français

      La guerre en Irak : une expo des…

      Italiano

      C’è più di un modo per colpire il…

      Italiano

      Richieste dei movimenti: sia pratiche che visionarie

      Italiano

      La strategia di Gandhi per il successo –…

      Italiano

      Le promesse infrante di Obama

      Italiano

      Guantanamo deve sparire

      Italiano

      IL BANK TRANSFER DAY: UN SUCCESSO

      Italiano

      Come il movimento Occupiamo Wall Street si sta…

      Italiano

      Economia tabù

      Japanese

      ガンジーはどのように勝利したのか? (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Truth Versus Superpower (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Bush’s Bad Business Empire (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Revenge of the Combat Cartoonist (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Bush’s Uneasy Mexican Visita (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Mark Twain in Iraq (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Globalization’s “Lost Decade” (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Hawks Say the Damnedest Things (Japanese)

      Português

      As reformas não reformistas de André Gorz mostram…

      Português

      A vida na Nação Prisão

      Português

      Outro pretexto?

      Português

      Imigração tem efeito positivo sobre emprego e salários

      Português

      O império hipotecado

      Arabic

      Abandoning the World Bank (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      The Return of Daniel Ortega (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Where’s The Jubilee? (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      The Last Porto Alegre (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Seattle At Five (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (in…

      Arabic

      Mexico’s Democratic Transition Still Incomplete (in Arabic)

    • Other Translations
  • Appearances
  • Archive
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TranslationsCzech/Slovak

Pápež a globálny kapitalizmus

by Mark Engler April 5, 2005
written by Mark Engler April 5, 2005
Pápež a globálny kapitalizmus

Bežnou sú?as?ou nekrológov pápeža Jána Pavla II. sú zmienky o jeho neotrasite?ne konzervatívnom postoji v otázkach, ako sú interrupcie, kontrola pôrodnosti, práva gejov, ?i vysväcovanie žien. Hoci z takýchto postojov sa o amerických katolíkov pokúšajú mdloby, nejde ani z?aleka o celý obsah etických zásad Jána Pavla. Pápež zvláš? vo svojom u?ení o globálnej ekonomike presadzoval víziu sociálnej spravodlivosti, ktorá rozbíja úzku politickú diskusiu o „mravných hodnotách“.

Mnohí komentátori poukazujú na pápežove po?etné cesty po svete, i na to, ako na šírenie svojho posolstva využíval vyspelé telekomunika?né siete. Už menej sa spomína fakt, že vízia globalizácie Jána Pavla II. bola v ostrom protiklade k triumfalizmu biznisu šíreného stúpencami „vo?ného obchodu“.

Pri zamyslení nad procesom globalizácie po?as svojej návštevy na Kube v roku 1998 pápež vyhlásil, že svet „je svedkom oživenia istého kapitalistického neoliberalizmu, ktorý podria?uje ?udské bytosti slepým trhovým silám.“ Pápež povedal, že „z centier svojej moci tento neoliberalizmus ?asto nakladá menej š?astným krajinám neznesite?né bremená.“ A so znepokojením poznamenal, že „krajinám sveta sa ob?as ukladá prija? neudržate?né ekonomické programy ako podmienka na poskytnutie ?alšej pomoci“.

Ke?že tieto odsudzujúce slová Jána Pavla II. sa objavili v ?ase, ke? sa na titulné stránky za?ali dostáva? protesty proti „štrukturálnym úpravám“ požadovaným Svetovou bankou a Medzinárodným menovým fondom (obe inštitúcie v podru?í Ameri?anov), nebolo nijakou záhadou, proti komu sú namierené. V dôsledku takejto ekonomickej politiky, tvrdil pápež, „sme svedkami toho, ako malý po?et krajín nesmierne bohatne na úkor ve?kého po?tu iných krajín, kde sa situácia stále zhoršuje; výsledkom je, že bohatí ešte viac bohatnú a chudobní ešte viac chudobnejú.“

Ján Pavol II. rozvinul svoje argumenty vo svojej výzve z roku 1999, Ecclesia in America. Vyhlásil v nej, že ?oraz vä?šia globálna integrácia sú?asnej éry predstavuje príležitos? na pokrok. Varoval však, že „ak budú globalizácii panova? iba zákony trhu, využívané na to, aby priniesli úžitok bohatým, výsledky nemôžu by? iné, ako negatívne“. Vyslovil sa proti „nespravodlivej konkurencii, ktorá dostáva chudobné štáty do ?oraz podradnejšieho postavenia“.

Pápežove myšlienky odrážajú širšie cirkevné chápanie politickej ekonómie. Vo svojom prejave k Pontifikálnej akadémii spolo?enských vied z roku 2001 Ján Pavol zopakoval cirkevné u?enie, že „etika si vyžaduje, aby boli systémy prispôsobené potrebám ?loveka, nie aby bol ?lovek obetovaný systému“. Rozvíjajúc túto myšlienku pápež zdôraznil „neod?ate?nú hodnotu ?udskej bytosti“, ktorá „musí by? vždy cie?om a nie prostriedkom, subjektom, nie objektom, nie tovarom na predaj“.

Ján Pavol II. takisto poukázal na alternatívu vo?i vízii trhového fundamentalizmu, ktorý je „založený na ?isto ekonomickej koncepcii ?loveka“ a „považuje zisk a zákon trhu za jediné ukazovatele“. Tvrdil, že „globalizova? treba aj solidaritu“.

Ke? v roku 2001 prijal ?lenov Európskeho zväzu výrobcov automobilov, vyzval na „etické rozlišovanie, ktorého cie?om je ochrana životného prostredia a presadenie plného ?udského rozvoja miliónov mužov a žien, spôsobom, ktorý rešpektuje dôstojnos? každého jednotlivca a otvára na pracovisku priestor pre osobnú tvorivos?“.

A aby sme boli ve?mi konkrétni, pápež silno podporoval výzvu koalície Jubileum 2000 na rozsiahle odpustenie dlhov rozvojových krajín. V roku 1998 povedal, že „?ažké bremeno zahrani?ného dlhu … postihuje ekonomiky celých národov a brzdí ich spolo?enský i politický pokrok.“

„Ak je cie?om globalizácia bez vytes?ovania na okraj, nemôžeme ?alej tolerova? svet, v ktorom ved?a seba žijú neskuto?ní bohá?i a úbohá chudoba, nemajetní ?udia pripravení ešte aj o to najzákladnejšie a na druhej strane takí, ktorí bez rozmyslenia mrhajú zdrojmi, ktoré tak zúfalo potrebujú iní. Takéto protiklady sú urážkou dôstojnosti ?udskej bytosti.“

Pápežovo ekonomické u?enie bolo v súlade s jeho názormi na politický život. Pamiatku Jána Pavla II. si oprávnene pripomíname v súvislosti s jeho obhajobou demokratických práv obyvate?ov jeho rodného Po?ska a iných krajín za „železnou oponou“. Niektorí americkí neokonzervatívci sa pokúšajú skresli? tento odkaz tým, že pápeža vydávajú za myšlienkového pomocníka Ronalda Reagana. Ale Ján Pavol si nepredstavoval demokraciu ako neobmedzené práva jednotlivca. Naopak, tvrdil, že slobodní ob?ania musia ma? „pevné a vytrvalé odhodlanie angažova? sa za spolo?né záujmy.“

V tomto oh?ade sa Ján Pavol II. držal mravného precedensu vytvoreného vyhlásením Druhého vatikánskeho koncilu o Cirkvi v modernom svete. Cirkev v ?om tvrdila, že „patrí do kompetencie verejných vrchností urobi? opatrenia, aby nik súkromné vlastníctvo nezneužíval proti spolo?ným záujmom. No samo súkromné vlastníctvo má svojou povahou aj sociálny charakter, ktorý sa zakladá na zákone ur?enia bohatstiev. Ak sa zanedbáva tento sociálny charakter, vlastníctvo sa ve?a ráz stáva príležitos?ou baživosti a vážnych zmätkov“.

Mnohí pozorovatelia sa zaoberajú úvahami nad tým, že ?alší pápež by mohol by? prvým z globálneho Juhu. Viacerí z popredných kandidátov z rozvojového sveta (vrátane latinskoamerických biskupov Jorge Maria Bergoglia z argentínskeho Buenos Aires, Oscara Adrésa Rodrígueza Maradiagu z honduraskej Tegucigalpy a Claudia Hummesa z brazílskeho Sao Paula) síce majú s Jánom Pavlom spolo?ný jeho konzervativizmus v sociálnych otázkach, no rovnako sa so zosnulým pápežom delia aj o otvorený záujem o globálnu ekonomickú spravodlivos?.

Ani z?aleka nie je isté, že sa pápežom stane jeden z týchto kandidátov. Napriek tomu však ekonomická etika Jána Pavla II. predstavuje dedi?stvo, ktoré bude v katolíckej cirkvi pretrváva? ako dôležitý prúd – a nad tým by sa mal zamyslie? každý, kto sa domnieva, že pravica má monopol na mravné hodnoty.

__________

Photo: José Cruz/Abr, Wikimedia Commons.

Mark Engler

Mark Engler is a writer based in Philadelphia and an editorial board member at Dissent magazine. His latest book, written with Paul Engler, is entitled This Is an Uprising: How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century.

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Mark Engler is a writer based in Philadelphia and an editorial board member at Dissent magazine. His latest book, written with Paul Engler, is entitled This Is an Uprising: How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century (Nation Books). Mark’s full bio is available here.

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