Democracy Uprising
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      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

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      Jordlösa kombinerar radikala visioner med praktiska reformer (Swedish)

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      Hacer Que Nuestras Demandas Sean Tanto Orácticas Como…

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Democracy Uprising

  • About
    • About Mark Engler
    • About Democracy Uprising
  • Books
    • This Is An Uprising
    • How To Rule the World
  • Topics
    • All Social Movements Religion U.S. Politics / Elections War / Militarism Book Reviews Environment Essays / First Person Global Economy Immigration Labor Latin America
      2023-2025

      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

      Social Movements

      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

      Social Movements

      It’s going to take multiple strategies to win…

      Social Movements

      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

      Social Movements

      How to make sure your disruptive protest helps…

      Latest Articles

      Why protests work, even when not everybody likes…

      Social Movements

      Harold Washington’s lessons for taking on a political…

      Social Movements

      Strategy is a Craft

      Social Movements

      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

      Social Movements

      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

      Social Movements

      It’s going to take multiple strategies to win…

      Social Movements

      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

      Social Movements

      How to make sure your disruptive protest helps…

      Social Movements

      Why protests work, even when not everybody likes…

      Social Movements

      Harold Washington’s lessons for taking on a political…

      Social Movements

      Strategy is a Craft

      Religion

      In God’s Country

      Religion

      Reverend Billy’s Holiday Shopocalypse

      Religion

      Toward the “Rights of the Poor”

      Religion

      The Pope and the Poor

      Religion

      Will the Next Pope Embrace Liberation Theology?

      Religion

      Remembering Romero

      Religion

      John Paul II’s Economic Ethics

      Religion

      Against the God of Free Trade

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Could we be entering a ‘movement moment’ against…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Trump’s backpedaling shows he’s not invincible

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      It’s going to take multiple strategies to win…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      A new wave of movements against Trumpism is…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Harold Washington’s lessons for taking on a political…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Strategy is a Craft

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      Think #MeToo didn’t make a real difference? Think…

      U.S. Politics / Elections

      This new model for upholding labor law may…

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      Does It Make Sense to Protest a President…

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      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

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      Is Rambo Still A Republican?

      War / Militarism

      War: The Wrong Jobs Program

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      The Ascent of Niall Ferguson

      War / Militarism

      Those Who Don’t Count

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      Six Essays About War and About Peace

      War / Militarism

      The Dangerous Dignity of War

      Book Reviews

      The Pan American

      Book Reviews

      The Godfather of Microcredit

      Book Reviews

      Capitalism as Catastrophe

      Book Reviews

      Four Ways of Looking at an Aztec Eagle

      Book Reviews

      The Ascent of Niall Ferguson

      Book Reviews

      Ordinary Outrages

      Book Reviews

      No Better Place

      Book Reviews

      In God’s Country

      Environment

      Why Wendell Matters

      Environment

      The Gulf at the Gas Station

      Environment

      Climate Disobedience

      Environment

      Farming the Everglades

      Environment

      The Winter of the Climate Denier

      Environment

      Climate of Change: An “Inside-Outside” Strategy Against Global…

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      Provoking an American Climate Crisis

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      The Real “Farmer” Story: So God Made High-Fructose…

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      Is Rambo Still A Republican?

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      Meet the Bailout’s New Slush Fund for Corporate…

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      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

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      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

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      The Godfather of Microcredit

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      The World Is Not Flat

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      When Undocumented Activists Infiltrated ICE

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      Science Fiction From Below

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      When Sanctuary is Resistance

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      This new model for upholding labor law may…

      Labor

      Democrats Won Power in Several States. Will They…

      Labor

      The Case for a Social Distancing Wage

      Labor

      The Seattle Protests Showed That Another World Is…

      Labor

      Reviving the General Strike

      Labor

      Jeff Bezos Has Enough! It’s Time for a…

      Labor

      There’s Still Power in a Strike

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      The Amazon Effect: Sweat, Surveillance, Exploitation

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      How movements can maintain their radical vision while winning…

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      The Pan American

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      Lessons from the Pledge of Resistance

      Latin America

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      Against Shithole Nationalism

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      Latin America

      Kissinger Is Not Our Friend

      Latin America

      Even If You Have Nothing to Hide

  • Translations
    • All Italiano Japanese Português Arabic Thai Chinese Deutsch Español Français
      Translations

      Jordlösa kombinerar radikala visioner med praktiska reformer (Swedish)

      Español

      Hacer Que Nuestras Demandas Sean Tanto Orácticas Como…

      Italiano

      C’è più di un modo per colpire il…

      Português

      As reformas não reformistas de André Gorz mostram…

      Español

      Las reformas no reformistas de André Gorz

      Deutsch

      Die nicht-reformistischen Reformen von André Gorz

      Italiano

      Richieste dei movimenti: sia pratiche che visionarie

      Chinese

      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

      Italiano

      C’è più di un modo per colpire il…

      Italiano

      Richieste dei movimenti: sia pratiche che visionarie

      Italiano

      La strategia di Gandhi per il successo –…

      Italiano

      Le promesse infrante di Obama

      Italiano

      Guantanamo deve sparire

      Italiano

      IL BANK TRANSFER DAY: UN SUCCESSO

      Italiano

      Come il movimento Occupiamo Wall Street si sta…

      Italiano

      Economia tabù

      Japanese

      ガンジーはどのように勝利したのか? (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Truth Versus Superpower (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Bush’s Bad Business Empire (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Revenge of the Combat Cartoonist (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Bush’s Uneasy Mexican Visita (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Mark Twain in Iraq (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Globalization’s “Lost Decade” (Japanese)

      Japanese

      Hawks Say the Damnedest Things (Japanese)

      Português

      As reformas não reformistas de André Gorz mostram…

      Português

      A vida na Nação Prisão

      Português

      Outro pretexto?

      Português

      Imigração tem efeito positivo sobre emprego e salários

      Português

      O império hipotecado

      Arabic

      Abandoning the World Bank (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      The Return of Daniel Ortega (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Where’s The Jubilee? (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      The Last Porto Alegre (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Seattle At Five (in Arabic)

      Arabic

      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (in…

      Arabic

      Mexico’s Democratic Transition Still Incomplete (in Arabic)

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      2006: A Global Justice Year in Review (In…

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      WTO: Best Left For Dead? (In Thai)

      Thai

      Is Market Access the Answer to Poverty? (In…

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      泛美洲人 爱德华多·加莱亚诺的世界 (Chinese)

      Chinese

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      Chinese

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      Die nicht-reformistischen Reformen von André Gorz

      Deutsch

      Als Martin Luther King seine Feuerwaffen aufgab

      Deutsch

      Mikrokredite: Die Entlassung eines Nobelpreisträgers

      Deutsch

      CAFTA – am besten stillschweigend beerdigen

      Deutsch

      Bush in Mexiko

      Deutsch

      Das globale Duell in Evian

      Deutsch

      Die Rückkehr des Daniel Ortega

      Español

      Hacer Que Nuestras Demandas Sean Tanto Orácticas Como…

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      Le dynamisme du mouvement pour la paix

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      La guerre en Irak : une expo des…

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UncategorizedEspañol

Den el crédito al movimiento de la globalización por la victoria en la deuda

by Mark Engler June 23, 2005
written by Mark Engler June 23, 2005
Den el crédito al movimiento de la globalización por la victoria en la deuda

Gracias en gran medida a los persistentes activistas del Sur global y a sus seguidores internacionales, un plan que condona el 100 por ciento de la deuda multilateral a 18 países pobres ha sido aprobado por los líderes del Grupo de los Ocho países industrializados como adelanto a su reunión de julio en Escocia.

Cuando George W. Bush se paró recientemente junto a Tony Blair en la Casa Blanca y argumentó que “los países altamente endeudados que están en el camino de la reforma no deben ser aplastados por montañas de deudas”, puede que haya sido el primer presidente norteamericano en apoyar la cancelación total de la deuda de algunos de los países africanos más pobres. Pero él simplemente se hizo eco de lo que los activistas en pro de la cancelación de la deuda en el movimiento de globalización han estado diciendo durante una década.

Los observadores a menudo han comentado en años recientes que los manifestantes de la globalización han ganado una discusión moral acerca del comercio y el desarrollo, pero que no han podido convertir sus posiciones en políticas. Sin embargo, la victoria en el caso de la deuda demuestra una clara instancia en que activistas aliados de áfrica, Europa, Estados Unidos y otros lugares han afectado la toma de decisiones de los gobiernos y han abierto posibilidades reales al desarrollo humano.

Durante años los manifestantes que promovían la cancelación de la deuda eran descartados o ridiculizados. A principios de la década del 90, los ciudadanos del mundo condenaron una situación emergente en la que algunos países empobrecidos, especialmente del áfrica Sub-Sahariana, pagaban más por el servicio de la deuda a las naciones ricas que lo que recibían de ellas en asistencia. Sin embargo, al tema se le prestaba poca atención en los países opulentos. “No había casi conciencia” del problema de la deuda en EEUU por aquella época, dice Neil Watkins, Coordinador Nacional de Jubilee USA, la principal coalición de defensores de la cancelación de la deuda.

Los esfuerzos del movimiento social cambiaron esa situación. En 1998 y 1999, activistas globales que se habían unido en la campaña internacional Jubilee, movilizaron protestas de más de 50 000 manifestantes en las cumbres respectivas del G-8 en Birmingham, Inglaterra, y Colonia, Alemania. También obtuvieron el apoyo de líderes religiosos como el difunto Papa Juan Pablo II, quien sostuvo que la condonación de la deuda era “una condición previa para que los países más pobres progresaran en su lucha en contra de la pobreza”.

Para esta época los decisores de política y los expertos ya no podían ignorar el llamado a la cancelación de la deuda. Algunos pasaron al ataque. Después de las manifestaciones en Birmingham, Andreas Whittam Smith, un columnista del diario de Londres The Independent, se hizo eco de gran parte de la opinión de elite al calificar de “encomiables” los objetivos de la campaña Jubilee, pero criticando su estrategia política como “mal concebida”. Sostuvo que la acción política de la coalición sería “ineficaz… si no contraproducente”.

Es realidad los esfuerzos de base por subrayar el tema crecieron, los países ricos respondieron en cada etapa expandiendo a regañadientes sus propuestas limitadas de cancelación de la deuda. Aunque nunca fue satisfactorio, el plan previamente apoyado por el G-8—la iniciativa de Países Pobres con Gran Deuda (HIPC)—comenzó a establecer un programa de lo que podría lograr la cancelación.

Los críticos conservadores han argumentado regularmente que el dinero de la cancelación de la deuda no sería bien manejado y no se usaría para reducir la pobreza. HIPC demostró que la cancelación en realidad podría ser una forma más eficaz de ayuda al exterior, permitiendo a los países en desarrollo retener y utilizar sus propios recursos. Para 2004, HIPC había adelantado alguna medida de cancelación a 27 países, incluyendo a Tanzania, Uganda y Mozambique. Un informe ese año del Banco Mundial mostró que esos países conjuntamente casi habían doblado su gasto en la reducción de la pobreza—incluyendo educación, cuidados de salud y agua limpia—en el período de 1999 a 2004.

Un punto de viraje definitorio en el debate llegó a continuación de la invasión a Irak, cuando la administración Bush apeló a naciones acreedoras para que perdonaran decenas de millones de dólares de la deuda externa de Irak. Al oír inesperadamente los defensores de la cancelación de la deuda al líder de la mayor potencia económica del mundo decir que la deuda injusta ponía en peligro la posibilidad a largo plazo de salud política y prosperidad económica” de una nación pobre, el debate moral quedó definitivamente cerrado. Todo lo que faltaba era que la política se pusiera al día.

Aunque el acuerdo del G-8, que implica más de $40 mil millones de deuda, fija un precedente histórico, a los activistas de Jubilee les queda mucho trabajo por hacer para garantizar que la cancelación del 100 por ciento se conceda a otros países pobres necesitados, así como a naciones que tienen “odiosas” deudas acumuladas por dictaduras anteriores, y que la cancelación se realice sin condiciones. Sin embargo, los retos que quedan no deben oscurecer un hito importante—diez años de lucha y docenas de protestas realizadas.

Mark Engler

Mark Engler is a writer based in Philadelphia and an editorial board member at Dissent magazine. His latest book, written with Paul Engler, is entitled This Is an Uprising: How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century.

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Mark Engler is a writer based in Philadelphia and an editorial board member at Dissent magazine. His latest book, written with Paul Engler, is entitled This Is an Uprising: How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century (Nation Books). Mark’s full bio is available here.

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